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发表于 2005-5-30 19:17:33
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[教学]第三课-->英语构词法之常见的后缀
1. 名词后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人
-an, -ain, 表示"……地方的人，精通……的人”American, historian,
-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" principal,
-ant,-ent, 表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,
-ar, 表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
-ard, -art, 表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
-arian, 表示"……派别的人， ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
-ary, 表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary
-ant, 表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate
-ator, 表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者)
-crat, 表示"某种政体，主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat
-ee, 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee
-eer, 表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer
-er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager
-ese, 表示" ……国人，…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese
-ess, 表示"阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress
-eur, 表示"……家” amateur, littérateur
-ian, 表示"……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生)，musician
-ician, 表示"精通者， ……家，”electrician, magician, technician
-icist, 表示"……家， …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist
-ic, 表示"……者，……师" mechanic, critic
-ie, 表示"爱，指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
-ier, 表示"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)
-ine, ian, 表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina
-ist, 表示"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
-ive, 表示"动作者，行为者” native, captive
-logist, 表示"……学家，研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
-or, 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,
-ster, 表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster
-yer, 表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer (2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义
-acy, 表示"性质，状态，境遇" accuracy, diplomacy
-age, 表示"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称" courage, storage, marriage
-al, a) 表示"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval
b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, feasibility,
-craft, 表示"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft（治国策）
-cracy, 表示"统治，支配" bureaucracy, democracy
-cy, 表示"性质，状态，职位，级别" bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy
-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-ery, -ry, 表示"行为，状态，习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry
-ety, 表示"性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
-faction, -facture, 表示"作成，……化，作用" satisfaction, manufacture
-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
-ice, 表示"行为，性质，状态" notice, justice, service
-ine, 表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine
-ing, 表示"动作的过程，结果" building, writing, learning
-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
-ise, 表示"性质，状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
-ity, 表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
-mony, 表示"动作的结果，状态" ceremony, testimony
-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
-or, -our, 表示"动作，性质，状态" favor, error,
-osity, 表示"动作，状态” curiosity
-ship, 表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
-th, 表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
-tude, 表示"性质，状态，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
-ure, 表示"行为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
-y, 表示"行为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry (3) 带有场所，地方的含义
-age, 表示"住所，地点" village, cottage
-ary, 表示"住所，场地" library, granary (谷仓)
-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所，饲养所，地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)
-ory, 表示"工作场所，住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory (4) 带有学术，科技含义
-grapy, 表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
-ery, 表示"学科，技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery
-y, 表示"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy (5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义
-age, baggage, tonnage
-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)
-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)
-ure, legislature, judicature (6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义
-ant, ent, solvent, constant
-al, signal, pictorial(画报)
-ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
-ery, drapery(绸缎)
-ing, clothing, matting,
-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment (7) 表示“细小”的含义
-cle, particle,
-cule, molecule(分子)
-el, parcel
-en, chicken, maiden
-et, pocket, ticket
-etta,-ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)
-kin, napkin
-ling, duckling,
-let, booklet
-y, baby,doggy
2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
-al, natural, additional, educational
-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican
-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
-ar, similar, popular, regular
-ary, military, voluntary
-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,
-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
-ing, moving, touching, daring
-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
-ive, active, impressive, decisive
-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
-ish, boyish, childish
-esque, picturesque
-like, manlike, childlike
-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
-some, troublesome, handsome
-y, milky, pasty (3) 表示“充分的”含义
-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
-ent, violent, (4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义
-en, wooden, golden, woolen
-ous, gaseous
-fic, scientific (5) 表示方向的含义
-ern, eastern, western
-ward, downward, forward (6) 表示“倍数”的含义
-ble, double, treble
-ple, triple
-fold, twofold, tenfold (7) 表示“数量关系”的含义
-teen, thirteen
-ty, fifty
-th, fourth, fiftieth (8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义
-an, Roman, European
-ese, Chinese,
-ish, English, Spanish (9) 表示“比较程度”的含义
-er, greater
-ish, reddish, yellowish
-est, highest
-most, foremost, topmost (10)其他的含义
-less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
-ways, always, sideways
-wise, otherwise, clockwise
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英语常用情景口语用语 ----->>> Greetings
1) Greeting somebody
Glad to meet you here.
Good to see you again.
Haven't seen you for some time.
How nice to see you again
How every nice to meet you.
I'm so glad you could some.
It was good to see you again.
Nice having you.
Pleased to meet you again.
This is a pleasant surprise!
What a pleasant surprise!
(Informal)
Ah, Bob, Just the person I wanted to see.
Bumping into (碰到)you like that was a bit of luck.
Fancy seeing you here.
Haven't run into you for ages.
Haven't seen you for ages.
Hello, there, Charles!
Hello there, what a coincidence!(巧合)
Small world, isn't it?
It's been a long time.
Just the man I was looking for.
Long time no see!
Still as busy as ever I see.
The very person I was after.
What brings you here today?
(Formal)
How are you?
I'm glad to have had the opportunity (机会)to meet you here.
2) Asking after somebody
Are you better?
Are you feeling better now?
Are you well?
How are things going with you?
How are you doing?
How are you keeping?
How is everything at home?
How was your weekend?
What are you doing there days?
(Informal)
Anything new?
How are things with you?
How are you making out?
How goes it?
How goes it with you?
How goes the
Anything new?
How are things with you?
How goes it?
How goes it with you?
How goes the world with you?
How is it coming?
How's everything?
How's everything at home?
How's life?
How's life treating you?
How's life with you?
How are things?
In good shapes, are you?
What are you up to these days?
What's happening?
What's new?
What's new with you?
What's the good news?
What's the good word?
What's the latest?
What's the news?
(Formal)
I hope all goes well with you?
I trust you're keeping well?
3) Stating how you are
All right thank you.
Much better, thank you.
Pretty good, thank you.
Quite well, thank you.
Very well, thank you.
Well, not too good yet. Better than I was though.
(Informal)
Bearing up, bearing up.(马马虎虎）
Could be better, but not bad.
Fair to middling(还算好）, thanks.
Getting along splendidly.
I'm full of the joys of spring.
I'm just great.
I'm on top of the world(幸福极了）, thanks.
Mustn't grumble.(过得去）
No complaints.
No, nothing much.
Not too bad, thanks.
Oh, the usual rounds(老样子）.
Pretty fair, thanks.
Really fine.
Same as ever.
So-so, thanks.
Still alive---just not at all well.
Surviving, (勉强凑合）thanks
（Formal)
I'm extremely well, thank you.
I'm in excellent health, thank you.
I'm very well indeed, thank you. |
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